机器人领域行业标准
引言
业界在产品研发与合规工作时不可避免的需要参考遵循一些行业通行标准。这些标准文件为行业制定了一套通行高效的交流语言和精益规范化的工作流程，并对学术研究的推广交流以及后期产品化给予了极大的帮助。在机器人领域同样也有一些常用到的行业标准，这其中即有ISO这类国际通行标准，也有ASTM、VDI这类地区性标准，另外也包含ROS REP这类机器人开源平台的通行标准。本列表整理了国际上常用的机器人标准。列表分类依据主要按照对于标准的需求划分，而非机器人系统的种类或标准的制定机构。
分类 I. 术语公约
(*) 此类标准旨在制定机器人系统的通行术语与系统结构，对机器人系统已约定俗成的基本概念进行统一定义。
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| ISO 8373-2012 | Robots and robotic devices – Vocabulary |
| ISO 9787-2013 | Robots and robotic devices – Coordinate systems and motion nomenciatures |
| ISO 19649-2017 | Mobile robots – Vocabulary |
| ASTM F3200-2018 | Standard Terminology for Driverless Automatic Guided Industrial Vehicles |
| VDI 2510-2005 | Automated Guided Vehicle Systems (AGVS) |
| VDI 2510-3-2017 | Automated guided vehicle systems (AGVS) Interfaces to infrastructure and peripherals |
| VDI 2710-3-2014 | Applications of simulation for automated guided vehicle systems (AGVS) |
| VDI 4451-2-2000 | Compatibility of Automated Guide Vehicle Systems (AGVS) Power supply and charging technology |
| VDI 4451-3-1998 | Compatibility of automated guided vehicle systems (AGVS) Driving and steering motors |
| VDI 4451-4-1998 | CompatIbility of automated guided vehicle systems (AGVS) Open control system for automated guided vehicles (AGV) |
| VDI 4451-5-2005 | Compatibility of Automated Guided Vehicle Systems (AGVS) Interface between command initiator and AGVS control system |
| VDI 4451-6-2003 | Compatibility of automated guided vehicle systems (AGVS) Sensor systems for navigation and control |
| VDI 4451-7-2005 | Compatibility of Automated Guided Vehicle Systems (AGVS) AGVS guidance control system |
| REP 103 | Standard Units of Measure and Coordinate Conventions |
| REP 105 | Coordinate Frames for Mobile Platforms |
| REP 120 | Coordinate Frames for Humanoid Robots |
分类 II. 性能评估
(*) 此类标准旨在为各类机器人系统提供性能评估方法上的实用性建议，为研发者提供最基础的可行性实验方法。
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| ISO 9283-1998 | Manipulating industrial robots – Performance criteria and related test methods |
| ISO 18646-1-2016 | Robotics — Performance criteria and related test methods for service robots — Part 1 Locomotion for wheeled robots |
| ISO 18646-2-2019 | Robotics — Performance criteria and related test methods for service robots — Part 2 Navigation |
| ASTM F3218-2017 | Standard Practice for Recording Environmental Effects for Utilization with A-UGV Test Methods |
| ASTM F3244-2017 | Standard Test Method for Navigation Defined Area ASTM F3327-2018 Standard Practice for Recording the A-UGV Test Configuration |
| ASTM | International Autonomous Industrial Vehicles From the Laboratory to the Factory Floor |
| NISTIR 8168 | Guideline for Automatic Guided Vehicle Calibration |
| VDI 2710-1-2007 | Interdisciplinary design of automated guided vehicle systems (AGVS) — Decision criteria for the choice of a conveyor system |
| VDI 2710-2-2008 | AGVS check list Planning support for operators and manufacturers of automated guided vehicle-systems (AGVS) |
| VDI 2710-4-2011 | Evaluation of economic efficiency of Automated Guided Vehicles Systems (AGVS) |
| VDI 2710-5-2013 | Acceptance specification for automated guided vehicle systems (AGVS) |
分类 III. 系统安全
(*) 此类标准旨在为各类机器人系统需要满足的最基本安全性功能提供强制性规范，其中也包含对于安全性功能性能测验的实用性方法。
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| ISO 10218-1-2011 | Robots and robotic devices – Safety requirements for industrial robots — Part 1 Robots |
| ISO 10218-2-2011 | Robots and robotic devices – Safety requirements for industrial robots — Part 2 Robot systems and integration |
| ISO 13482-2014 | Robots and robotic devices – Safety requirements for personal care robots |
| ISO/TR 20218-1-2018 | Robotics — Safety design for industrial robot systems — Part 1 End-effectors |
| ISO/TR 20218-2-2018 | Robotics — Safety design for industrial robot systems — Part 2 Manual load unload stations |
| ISO/TR 23482-1-2019 | Robotics — Application of ISO 13482 — Part 1 Safety-related test methods |
| ISO/TR 23482-2-2019 | Robotics — Application of ISO 13482 — Part 2 Application guidelines |
| ISO/TS 15066-2016 | Robots and robotic devices — Collaborative robots |
| BS-EN 1525-1998 | Safety of industrial trucks Driverless trucks and their systems |
| ISO 3691-4-2019 | Industrial trucks – Safety requirements and verification — Part 4 Driverless industrial trucks and their systems |
| ANSI B56.5-2012 | Safety Standard For Driverless Automatic Guided Industrial Vehicles And Automated Functions Of Manned Industrial Vehicles |
| VDI 2510-2-2013 | Automated guided vehicle systems (AGVS) — Safety of AGVS |